Remember to protect your skin

DR ASHA PEMBERTON

WE HAVE recently experienced record-breaking temperatures in Tobago and the heat has been scorching.

Despite that, it remains that many young people dismiss the negative effects of sun-exposure on overall health and, in particular, skin health.

While it is encouraged that young people use the vacation to engage in activities of the outdoors, it is important for them to place emphasis on skin protection.

Energy from the sun is released in the form of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, as well as the visible white light. Ultraviolet rays (UVA and UVB) can damage the skin over time. These can manifest in several ways.

Skin lesions

Wrinkles and premature ageing

Discolouration

Loss of skin elasticity

Increased risk of skin cancer

The harmful effects of sun exposure are additive. Years of poor protection add up, leading to the earlier manifestations of these complications.

Sunscreen, whether in the form of lotion, cream or aerosol spray, contains a compound called SPF or sun protection factor which absorbs or reflects UVB radiation from the skin and prevents damage.

A high SPF extends the amount of time you can spend in the sun while protecting your skin; and typically SPFs are broken down into four levels:

Low (4, 6, 8, 10)

Medium or moderate (15, 20, 25)

High (30, 40, 50)

Very high (50+)

Sunscreen is essential, but is not fail-proof in protecting you from ultraviolet radiation. Regardless of the SPF rating, sunscreen products must be reapplied after up to two hours, since preparations get removed by wiping, sweating or swimming.

A thin layer of sunscreen may not be enough. Sunblock lotions and creams are intended to be liberally applied to ensure that the reflection and absorption effects of the product are optimised.

A sunscreen with a higher SPF is not necessarily better. It may only provide a negligible amount of additional coverage and some provide incomplete coverage for either UVA or UVB, but not both. It is important to assess not only the SPF rating, but the duration of the product and the coverage offered.

There are other ways to stay safe while enjoying your summer activities. Sunglasses, hats and protective clothing also add to skin protection. Spend time in shaded areas and remember to stay hydrated.

Young people often underestimate how much they sweat and the fluid that is lost in this way.

During long days outdoors, carry your own supply of water and drink regularly.

While we can predict the weather to some extent, it is best to always keep sun protection top of mind as outdoor activities are planned.